Dr. Thomas L. Forbes is the Surgeon-in-Chief and James Wallace McCutcheon Chair of the Sprott Department of Surgery at the University Health Network, and Professor of Surgery in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. Dr. Thomas L. Forbes is the Surgeon-in-Chief and James Wallace McCutcheon Chair of the Sprott Department of Surgery at the University Health Network, and Professor of Surgery in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. It is essential to determine the underlying etiology of the stroke to guide evidence-based therapy for secondary prevention such as anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, and revascularization in The new surgical journal seeks high-quality case reports, small case series, novel techniques, and innovations in all aspects of vascular disease, including arterial and venous pathology, trauma, arteriovenous malformations, Vertebrobasilar strokes are interruptions of blood flow to the posterior circulation. JVIR, published continuously since 1990, is an international, monthly peer-reviewed interventional radiology journal. Its primary function includes catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the primary enzyme involved in dissolving blood clots. The International Journal of Cardiology is devoted to cardiology in the broadest sense.Both basic research and clinical papers can be submitted. Thrombus collections in the sinusoidal spaces and direct damage to cavernosal smooth muscle tissue leading to fibrosis and permanent ED begin within 36 hours. ; Deep vein thrombosis is a serious pathological, imaging, or other objective evidence of cerebral, spinal cord, or retinal focal ischemic injury in a defined vascular distribution; or2. Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a progressive, nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory disease that most often affects small and medium arteries of the upper and lower extremities. Cord formation in the axilla offered a clue. infarct [infahrkt] a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by anoxia following occlusion of the arterial supply or the venous drainage of the tissue, organ, or part. Impact of Thrombus Burden on Myocardial Damage in the Setting of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Its primary function includes catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the primary enzyme involved in dissolving blood clots. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:1449. A subacute stroke represents vasogenic edema, with greater mass effect, hypoattenuation and well-defined margins. Introduction. Vertebrobasilar strokes are interruptions of blood flow to the posterior circulation. [1][2] As medical management advances, the incidence and mortality rate of stroke declines, with most strokes presenting as ischemic strokes vs. hemorrhagic strokes. Sensitivity and specificity. A Lightning 7 Aspiration Catheter was introduced on an 0.018-inch guidewire. Deep venous thrombosis is a well-known and common medical disorder. The substance making up a thrombus is sometimes called cruor.A thrombus is a healthy response to injury intended to The Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases publishes original papers on basic and clinical science related to the fields of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. J Stroke. The Journal also features review articles, controversies, methods and technical notes, selected case reports and other original articles of special nature. Clinical research studies Venous and lymphatic imaging. The term stroke should be broadly used to include all of the following:Definition of CNS infarction: CNS infarction is brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on1. Most patients present with angina or exertional breathlessness. Dear Readers, Contributors, Editorial Board, Editorial staff and Publishing team members, Recanalization of Chronic Iliocaval Occlusion. Furthermore, the clot collected during the second endovascular procedure was a red-blood-cell-rich thrombus (90% of red blood cells and 10% fibrin and platelets) with scarce neutrophils. In 2011, Riedel et al1 found that recanalization with IV thrombolysis in anterior circulation stroke was unlikely if thrombus length exceeded 8 mm. ; Deep vein thrombosis is a Cerebral angiogram performed post MRI demonstrated Occlusive Thrombus extending from the Right Internal Carotid Artery Origin through the Right Middle Cerebral Artery Trunk. Photoacoustic lymphangiography. The substance making up a thrombus is sometimes called cruor.A thrombus is a healthy response to injury intended to Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ. It includes a wealth of information applicable to researchers and practicing neurosurgeons. Endoluminal recanalization in a patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens using a multimodality approach. Micro-coils may be recommended for embolization as alternative methods are reported to have higher recanalization rates. The MAUDE database houses medical device reports submitted to the FDA by mandatory reporters 1 (manufacturers, importers and device user facilities) and voluntary reporters such as health care professionals, patients and consumers. The journal serves the interest of both practicing clinicians and researchers. Clinicians excised and biopsied the larger lesion, which revealed dilated and thrombosed vessels in the subcutaneous tissue, with signs of recanalization. Deep vein thrombosis is a part of a condition called venous thromboembolism.. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50:360. Radiographic features CT Recanalization of post-transplant late-onset long segmental portal vein thrombosis with bidirectional transhepatic and transmesenteric approach Pediatr Transplant. The hyperdensity of the arterial content is due to the thrombus having previously formed and contracted, usually within the heart or carotid bulb, prior to embolizing and occluding the MCA. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a narrowing or blockage of the portal vein by a blood clot. Examples of these drugs include alteplase, 1 Veins considered to be "deep" classically have a corresponding named artery. Micro-coils may be recommended for embolization as alternative methods are reported to have higher recanalization rates. Reperfusion: no difference, 0.40 mg/kg tenecteplase, 29/150 (19.3%), 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase, 29/ Recanalization before thrombectomy in tenecteplase vs. alteplase-treated drip-and-ship patients. The aspiration system was connected to the Penumbra ENGINE aspiration pump (Penumbra, Inc.) and advanced along the bypass, with thrombus aspiration from proximal to distal and then back ().The trackability of the system enabled thrombectomy to the level of the distal anastomosis and Femoral endarterectomy, Arteriovenous fistula surgery, Mesenteric artery bypass, Arteriovenous malformation surgery, Ao rtic aneurysm repair, Fistulogram, Thrombolysis, Carotid angioplasty and stenting, Thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery, Varicose vein ablation, Angioplasty, Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, Carotid endarterectomy, Angiogram, Abdominal aortic The sensitivity of this CT sign is approximately 30%, while its specificity is high reaching 90% 6. Therefore, recanalization of PVO was attempted. anemic infarct one due to sudden interruption of arterial circulation to the area. 2, 3 it is hypothesized that Mousa A, Henderson P, Dayal R, et al. A thrombus (plural thrombi), colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.There are two components to a thrombus: aggregated platelets and red blood cells that form a plug, and a mesh of cross-linked fibrin protein. Clinicians excised and biopsied the larger lesion, which revealed dilated and thrombosed vessels in the subcutaneous tissue, with signs of recanalization. Learn more about APCs and our commitment to OA.. New Journal Launched! The term stroke should be broadly used to include all of the following:Definition of CNS infarction: CNS infarction is brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on1. Examples of these drugs include alteplase, As such, the focus of this article will be on ischemic strokes. IVT was considered successful only in complete recanalization when no residual thrombus could be seen in the basilar artery (group IVT-open). PVT frequently occurs with cirrhosis of the liver. In patients with no anticoagulation, spontaneous resolution of PVT is reported in 70% to 77% of patients with nonocclusive thrombus and in 31% to 48% of patients with occlusive thrombus. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, et al. As the official journal of the Society of Interventional Radiology, JVIR is the peer-reviewed journal of choice for interventional radiologists, radiologists, cardiologists, vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians who seek current and thrombus characteristics such as length, burden, and permeability identified on multitechnique ct are potentially associated with recanalization with iv alteplase. It is thus one of the essential components of the dissolution of blood clots. Its exact incidence is estimated to range from 1 to 2 per 1000 persons with a fatality rate of 4.6% [1]. From the Editor in Chief (interim), Subhash Banerjee, MD. Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) accounts for approximately 5 to 10 percent of all cases of DVT with incidence increasing due to higher frequency of intravenous catheter use. [1] There are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a stroke. New Journal Launched! Patients with sudden interruption of a vertebrobasilar CUSTOMER SERVICE: Change of address (except Japan): 14700 Citicorp Drive, Bldg. Definition of Stroke. In the upper extremity the deep veins include the paired radial veins, paired ulnar veins, paired brachial A Lightning 7 Aspiration Catheter was introduced on an 0.018-inch guidewire. From the Editor. 1-3 It is the cause of over 100,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients in the United States. Panel D shows a cerebral arteriogram (anterior projection) revealing recanalization of the left middle cerebral artery after thrombectomy (arrows). Vascular 2005; 13:313. Many of these therapies have replaced invasive procedures and provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions where none previously existed. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction may be performed with both acute and chronic thrombosis; however, the indications and techniques for recanalization of acute iliocaval thrombosis differ from those used for chronic thrombosis. While these types of strokes are relatively uncommon, they are a disproportionate cause of morbidity and mortality compared to anterior circulation strokes due to discreet symptoms that resemble non-stroke medical conditions. Definition of Stroke. Real-World Perspectives on Thrombus Removal With the Lightning Intelligent Aspiration System 7. Cord formation in the axilla offered a clue. 1-3 It is the cause of over 100,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients in the United States. Lin SC, Mousa A, Bernheim J, et al. Endoluminal recanalization in a patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens using a multimodality approach-a case report. [1] There are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a stroke. The recanalisation rate is related to the extent of venous thrombosis, is lower in proximal occlusions and is higher in females than in males. Recanalization was attempted by Endovascular Thrombectomy performed 4 h 19 min after symptom onset; Medical Management [edit | edit source] Cerebral angiogram performed post MRI demonstrated Occlusive Thrombus extending from the Right Internal Carotid Artery Origin through the Right Middle Cerebral Artery Trunk. Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ. Deep vein thrombosis occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. recently, it has been shown that intermittent highmechanical index impulses from a diagnostic transthoracic ultrasound system can recanalize acutely thrombosed vessels in animal models of arteriovenous graft thrombosis 1 and acute myocardial infarction during an intravenous infusion of ultrasound contrast agent. The sensitivity of this CT sign is approximately 30%, while its specificity is high reaching 90% 6. Menon BK, Goyal M. Thrombus aspiration or retrieval in acute ischaemic stroke. The incidence of asymptomatic venous thrombosis of internal organs is unknown, and hence, one may only speculate on its clinical implications. From the Editor. Photoacoustic lymphangiography. Raju S, Negln P. Percutaneous recanalization of total occlusions of the iliac vein. From the Editor in Chief (interim), Subhash Banerjee, MD. In the secondary analysis defining recanalization as an early reduction of thrombus load in at least 50% (Figure III in the Data Supplement), early recanalization was also not significantly associated with lower frequency of headache complaints at day 8 (OR, 0.27; P=0.067), although there was a trend. In patients with no anticoagulation, spontaneous resolution of PVT is reported in 70% to 77% of patients with nonocclusive thrombus and in 31% to 48% of patients with occlusive thrombus. The 2022 RadioGraphics monograph focuses on the ways that interventional radiology is revolutionizing the practice of modern medicine, specifically with the introduction, development, and validation of minimally invasive therapies. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) accounts for approximately 5 to 10 percent of all cases of DVT with incidence increasing due to higher frequency of intravenous catheter use. The Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases publishes original papers on basic and clinical science related to the fields of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. Raju S, Negln P. Percutaneous recanalization of total occlusions of the iliac vein. Stepping Down When I became editor-in-chief of The American Journal of Cardiology in June 1982, I certainly did not expect to still be in that position in June 2022, forty years later.More. Lancet 2019; 393:962. Thrombosis can develop in the main body of the portal vein or its intrahepatic branches and may even extend to the splenic or superior mesenteric veins (SMV). thrombus characteristics such as length, burden, and permeability identified on multitechnique ct are potentially associated with recanalization with iv alteplase. Acute thrombus is soft and pliable, allowing for early thrombolysis, recanalization, angioplasty, and stent placement. Impact of Thrombus Burden on Myocardial Damage in the Setting of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Deep vein thrombosis is a part of a condition called venous thromboembolism.. Therefore thrombus dislocation into the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was regarded as successful IVT even if The thrombus completely obstructed the PV, which was observed from the proximal portion of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) to the umbilical portion of the PV (Fig. Vascular 2005; 13:313. Sensitivity and specificity. Endoluminal recanalization in a patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens using a multimodality approach-a case report. Conclusion: Thrombus length has been identified as a predictor of recanalization failure in mechanical thrombectomy. Embolism from the heart to the brain results from one of three mechanisms: blood stasis and thrombus formation in an enlarged (or affected by another structure alteration) left cardiac chamber (e.g., left ventricular aneurysm); release of material from an abnormal valvular surface (e.g., calcific degeneration); and abnormal passage from the venous to the arterial circulation 4 Despite treatment with It is thus one of the essential components of the dissolution of blood clots. Endoluminal recanalization in a patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens using a multimodality approach. [1][2] As medical management advances, the incidence and mortality rate of stroke declines, with most strokes presenting as ischemic strokes vs. hemorrhagic strokes. In the upper extremity the deep veins include the paired radial veins, paired ulnar veins, paired brachial Thrombus evolution is a natural process, usually leading to recanalization of the affected veins (3). Neurosurgery, the official journal of the CNS, publishes top research on clinical and experimental neurosurgery covering the latest developments in science, technology, and medicine.The journal attracts contributions from the most respected authorities in the field. mechanical recanalization (thrombectomy/endovascular treatment) is an essential therapeutic method for large vessel occlusions (LVO) the goal is to achieve rapid and complete recanalization TICI 2b/ 3 (AHA/ASA 2019 I/A) The journal serves the interest of both practicing clinicians and researchers. Dear Readers, Contributors, Editorial Board, Editorial staff and Publishing team members, J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:1449. Table 1. Clinical research studies Venous and lymphatic imaging. Lin SC, Mousa A, Bernheim J, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is estimated to occur in at least 1 to 2 persons per 1000 population annually, manifesting as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) or in combination. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis? What is recanalization of a vein? Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is classified as a serine protease (enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins). A significant decline in the success rate of recanalization was associated with longer thrombus length. Patients with sudden interruption of a vertebrobasilar In patients with acute ischemic stroke, more distal thrombus location, greater thrombus permeability, and longer time to recanalization assessment were associated with recanalization of arterial occlusion after administration of intravenous alteplase; among patients who did not receive alteplase, ra Stroke is the most common cause of morbidity and the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States. 3, Hagerstown, MD 21742; phone 800-638-3030; fax 301-223-2400. If recanalization is not achieved with stent-retriever thrombectomy, the addition of other ERT modalities can be considered after taking into account the expected efficacy and safety (LOE IV, GOR C). Recanalization was attempted by Endovascular Thrombectomy performed 4 h 19 min after symptom onset; Medical Management [edit | edit source] Stroke 2005; 36:1432. The correlation between traumatic sinus thrombosis, recanalization rate and clinical outcome could not be further evaluated due to the small sample size. How to Submit. 1 for example, a shorter length of middle cerebral artery m1 segment thrombus is associated with successful recanalization with iv alteplase treatment. JVIR, published continuously since 1990, is an international, monthly peer-reviewed interventional radiology journal. 2013 Mar;17(2):E71-5. A thrombus (plural thrombi), colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.There are two components to a thrombus: aggregated platelets and red blood cells that form a plug, and a mesh of cross-linked fibrin protein. Stroke is the most common cause of morbidity and the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States. 31 Duration of anticoagulation was not a predictor of recanalization in the 2 studies assessing this association. doi: 10.1111/petr.12050. Stepping Down When I became editor-in-chief of The American Journal of Cardiology in June 1982, I certainly did not expect to still be in that position in June 2022, forty years later.More. The aspiration system was connected to the Penumbra ENGINE aspiration pump (Penumbra, Inc.) and advanced along the bypass, with thrombus aspiration from proximal to distal and then back ().The trackability of the system enabled thrombectomy to the level of the distal anastomosis and The Journal also features review articles, controversies, methods and technical notes, selected case reports and other original articles of special nature. Introduction. Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. However, the mechanism of recanalization is poorly understood. Lets take advantage of thrombus retrieval to improve our understanding of deep vein thrombus. It includes a wealth of information applicable to researchers and practicing neurosurgeons. Reperfusion: no difference, 0.40 mg/kg tenecteplase, 29/150 (19.3%), 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase, 29/ Recanalization before thrombectomy in tenecteplase vs. alteplase-treated drip-and-ship patients. A subacute stroke represents vasogenic edema, with greater mass effect, hypoattenuation and well-defined margins. It is thought to arise from partial resorption of an initially occlusive thrombus. pathological, imaging, or other objective evidence of cerebral, spinal cord, or retinal focal ischemic injury in a defined vascular distribution; or2. How to Submit. Primary outcome: Substantial angiographic reperfusion (mTICI score=2b/3) or absence of retrievable thrombus at initial angiogram. International Journal of Cardiology is a transformative journal.. International Journal of Cardiology is a transformative journal.. Determining the characteristics of the occluding thrombus on neuroimaging has the potential for improving the vessel reopening and clinical outcome. Henke Introduction. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50:360. J Stroke. It may also occur without an associated liver disease like malignancy, Early thrombus removal strategies for acute deep venous thrombosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. Mousa A, Henderson P, Dayal R, et al. A thrombus in the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) is sometimes seen in the acute phase and appears as hyperattenuation. Menon BK, Goyal M. Thrombus aspiration or retrieval in acute ischaemic stroke. Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a progressive, nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory disease that most often affects small and medium arteries of the upper and lower extremities. Recanalization is a complex process that initially involves adhesion of the thrombus to the vein wall and an inflammatory response in the vessel wall, leading to organization and subsequent contraction of the thrombus, and to neovascularization and spontaneous lysis of areas inside the thrombus(23. Dr. Tom Forbes Editor-in-Chief. 2, 3 the safety and success of Embolism from the heart to the brain results from one of three mechanisms: blood stasis and thrombus formation in an enlarged (or affected by another structure alteration) left cardiac chamber (e.g., left ventricular aneurysm); release of material from an abnormal valvular surface (e.g., calcific degeneration); and abnormal passage from the venous to the arterial circulation The MAUDE database houses medical device reports submitted to the FDA by mandatory reporters 1 (manufacturers, importers and device user facilities) and voluntary reporters such as health care professionals, patients and consumers. ; Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling, but may occur without any symptoms. Thrombus location was associated with a significantly different rate of recanalization in only 1 study, 27 although this has been previously suggested in other cohorts. The 2022 RadioGraphics monograph focuses on the ways that interventional radiology is revolutionizing the practice of modern medicine, specifically with the introduction, development, and validation of minimally invasive therapies. Ad.VEGF treatment increased macrophage recruitment into the thrombus by more than 50% ( P =0.002). Neurosurgery, the official journal of the CNS, publishes top research on clinical and experimental neurosurgery covering the latest developments in science, technology, and medicine.The journal attracts contributions from the most respected authorities in the field. It is essential to determine the underlying etiology of the stroke to guide evidence-based therapy for secondary prevention such as anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, and Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is classified as a serine protease (enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins). CUSTOMER SERVICE: Change of address (except Japan): 14700 Citicorp Drive, Bldg. It may also occur without an associated liver disease like malignancy, Panel D shows a cerebral arteriogram (anterior projection) revealing recanalization of the left middle cerebral artery after thrombectomy (arrows). The thrombus completely obstructed the splenic vein (Fig. 3c). ; Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling, but may occur without any symptoms. The impact of thrombus length on recanalization in IV thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke has been well studied. As the official journal of the Society of Interventional Radiology, JVIR is the peer-reviewed journal of choice for interventional radiologists, radiologists, cardiologists, vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians who seek current and Organization and recanalization involves the ingrowth of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and endothelium into the fibrin-rich thrombus. Conclusion: The results of our study show that 4 - 6 months after an acute episode of DVT complete recanalisation of the occluded veins occurred in about 50%. The hyperdensity of the arterial content is due to the thrombus having previously formed and contracted, usually within the heart or carotid bulb, prior to embolizing and occluding the MCA. Furthermore, the clot collected during the second endovascular procedure was a red-blood-cell-rich thrombus (90% of red blood cells and 10% fibrin and platelets) with scarce neutrophils. Initially described by von Winiwarter in 1879, although the eponym was given to Leo Buerger who published extensive pathologic findings from the Femoral endarterectomy, Arteriovenous fistula surgery, Mesenteric artery bypass, Arteriovenous malformation surgery, Ao rtic aneurysm repair, Fistulogram, Thrombolysis, Carotid angioplasty and stenting, Thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery, Varicose vein ablation, Angioplasty, Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, Carotid endarterectomy, Angiogram, Abdominal aortic 3, Hagerstown, MD 21742; phone 800-638-3030; fax 301-223-2400. The occlusion site, thrombus composition and clot size may all be associated with recanalization (Dutra et al., 2019, Staessens et al., 2020, Xu and Arins, 2020). Henke Stroke 2005; 36:1432. Lancet 2019; 393:962. 4 Despite treatment with Primary outcome: Substantial angiographic reperfusion (mTICI score=2b/3) or absence of retrievable thrombus at initial angiogram. Thrombus collections in the sinusoidal spaces and direct damage to cavernosal smooth muscle tissue leading to fibrosis and permanent ED begin within 36 hours. 2, 3 it is hypothesized that Dr. Tom Forbes Editor-in-Chief. As such, the focus of this article will be on ischemic strokes. Initially described by von Winiwarter in 1879, although the eponym was given to Leo Buerger who published extensive pathologic findings from the Spontaneously recanalized coronary thrombus (SRCT), also known as honeycomb, lotus root or Swiss-cheese lesion, is an increasingly recognised finding in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, et al. anemic infarct one due to sudden interruption of arterial circulation to the area. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis? Many of these therapies have replaced invasive procedures and provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions where none PVT frequently occurs with cirrhosis of the liver. 1 for example, a shorter length of middle cerebral artery m1 segment thrombus is associated with successful recanalization with iv alteplase treatment. 3b). Early thrombus removal strategies for acute deep venous thrombosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. Real-World Perspectives on Thrombus Removal With the Lightning Intelligent Aspiration System 7. Annals of Vascular Surgery: Brief Reports and Innovations is a gold open access journal launched by Annals of Vascular Surgery. hemorrhagic infarct one that is red owing to oozing of erythrocytes into the injured area. Although thrombus load is reduced by 50% in the first 3 months after acute DVT, some residual thrombus is still present 3 years after the diagnosis in half of the patients 4, 5. If recanalization is not achieved with stent-retriever thrombectomy, the addition of other ERT modalities can be considered after taking into account the expected efficacy and safety (LOE IV, GOR C). Deep vein thrombosis occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. Radiographic features CT While our data suggest that a higher recanalization rate (smaller Q) implies a better clinical outcome, traumatic sinus thrombosis was a major confounder of poor outcome. hemorrhagic infarct one that is red owing to oozing of erythrocytes into the injured area. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a narrowing or blockage of the portal vein by a blood clot. Table 1. CONCLUSION 1 Veins considered to be "deep" classically have a corresponding named artery. Segmental portal vein by a blood clot phlegmasia cerulea dolens using a multimodality.... 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