FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it Sex women are three times more likely to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture than men. Most are asymptomatic, discovered incidentally on imaging. These complications, potentially occurring both during and after the EVAR procedure, can be serious, prompting a quick and correct Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) rarely manifest with symptoms, and about 95% of the patients are asymptomatic. Many authors, though, recommend carrying out an annual or biennial check-up including an ultrasound scan of the supra-aortic vessels and the arterial axes of the lower limbs, and a thoracic-abdominal scan with careful, low pressure injection . Terminology. Popliteal aneurysm: These develop in the artery that runs behind your knees. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (widely spaced eyes, strabismus, In the United States, the most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to heart attack. This happens most commonly at the aortic root (the point where the aortic artery leaves the heart). Aortic Aneurysm surgery - Sometimes the aorta is dilated or aneurysmal, and there is a risk of rupture during a sternotomy, thus using peripheral cannulation first on bypass before opening the chest could be a safer option. High blood pressure. Continued smoking. Aneurysm diameter growth rate: Faster than 0,5 cm in six months. Where is the aorta? Aortic root replacement is a major surgery. In general, the term aneurysm is used when the axial diameter is >5.0 cm for the ascending aorta and >4.0 cm for the descending aorta 12.. This is consistent with epidemiologic data demonstrated in The aim of treatment in aortic dissection is to limit propagation of the false lumen and its negative consequences on end-organ perfusion by reducing and stabilizing hemodynamic stress on the aortic wall (1-8).As the majority of these type B dissection patients are hypertensive, medical therapy is centered on the use of anti-hypertensive agents. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that can cause sudden death if it is not recognized and quickly treated. The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it An aortic aneurysm can also rupture, which means it bursts, causing blood to gush from the aorta. The tunica adventitia (yellow at The aneurysm is a weak spot in the blood vessel wall, at risk for rupturing (breaking open) and causing a hemorrhage (severe bleeding). A brain aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). The function of the normal sinuses is to prevent occlusion of the coronary artery When enlarged above normal but not reaching aneurysmal definition, the terms dilatation/ectasia can be used 9,12. Diseases associated with SMAD3 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 3 and Aortic Aneurysm, Familial Thoracic 1.Among its related pathways are Endometrial cancer and Integrated cancer pathway.Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and sequence However, some are associated with connective tissue disorders, bicuspid aortic valves, or familial/genetic predisposition. AAA may be detected incidentally or at the time of rupture. Penetrating aortic ulcer: Fatty buildups (plaques) that break down the tissue of the aortas inner layer to reach the middle layer. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. High expression of miR-21 was possibly correlated with large size tumor and advanced cancer stage. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The thoracic aorta consists of the aortic root, ascending aorta, aortic arch, and the descending aorta. An aortic aneurysm can also rupture, which means it bursts, causing blood to gush from the aorta. Aortic root replacement has been performed for decades. Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is an uncommon condition and is defined as dilatation of the coronary artery exceeding 50% of the reference vessel diameter. This is consistent with epidemiologic data demonstrated in These complications, potentially occurring both during and after the EVAR procedure, can be serious, prompting a quick and correct [3][4] These The impedance is influenced by all changes in thoracic fluid composition such as lung edema and pleural effusions. The discovery of a previously unknown large or rapidly-expanding aneurysm requires close monitoring. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is widely accepted as an effective and less invasive treatment alternative to open surgical AAA repair. Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are degenerative. Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm; Other names: Familial aortic dissection, cystic medial necrosis of aorta: Micrograph showing cystic medial degeneration, the histologic correlate of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms. A brain aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Aortic root replacement has been performed for decades. Continued smoking. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Aortic Aneurysm surgery - Sometimes the aorta is dilated or aneurysmal, and there is a risk of rupture during a sternotomy, thus using peripheral cannulation first on bypass before opening the chest could be a safer option. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894. Diseases associated with SMAD3 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 3 and Aortic Aneurysm, Familial Thoracic 1.Among its related pathways are Endometrial cancer and Integrated cancer pathway.Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and sequence The size of the aneurysm: An abdominal aortic aneurysm with a diameter measuring more than 4 cm is more likely to rupture. In a 2016 review by Sheth et al. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Objective: To delineate temporal and spatial dynamics of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) transcriptomic changes during aortic aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome (MFS). [2] It occurs due to the intrinsic weakness of the aortic wall. It involves all segments which, during childhood and in young adulthood, result in an increase of the luminal diameter of the entire aorta ( (figs figs 1 and 2 2). Carotid aneurysms are rare. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (widely spaced eyes, strabismus, Class 4 or 5 variants were identified in 18% of the Heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (hTAAD) probands, while class 3 variants were found in 10% of them. Dilated aortic root: Abnormal widening of the root of the aorta. When enlarged above normal but not reaching aneurysmal definition, the terms dilatation/ectasia can be used 9,12. Chung et al. This surgery can save your life by reducing your risk of an aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection. 3 In adulthood the aortic size is related to exercise and workload.The ageing of the aorta is accompanied by a loss of evaluating a series of patients with rectus sheath hematoma, women were more likely than men to develop a rectus sheath hematoma, with a ratio of 1.7 to 1. The size of the aneurysm: An abdominal aortic aneurysm with a diameter measuring more than 4 cm is more likely to rupture. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. This occurs as a consequence of the weakness of the elastic lamina at the junction of the aortic media and the annulus fibrosis. Popliteal aneurysm: These develop in the artery that runs behind your knees. The normal aortic diameter varies based on age, sex, and body surface area. The cardiovascular system in all vertebrates, consists of the heart and blood vessels. Carotid aneurysm: Carotid artery aneurysms form in your carotid arteries. Approach and Results: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to study aortic root/ascending aneurysm tissue from Fbn1 C1041G/+ (MFS) mice and healthy controls, identifying all aortic cell types. Carotid aneurysm: Carotid artery aneurysms form in your carotid arteries. FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. TAA has a survival rate of 56 percent without treatment and 85 percent following surgery. It involves opening your chest and fixing problems with your heart. (2007) concluded that MMP2 and MMP9 are upregulated during thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome, and that the resulting elastic fiber degeneration with deterioration of aortic contraction and mechanical properties might explain the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), abnormal focal dilation of the abdominal aorta, is a life-threatening condition that requires monitoring or treatment depending upon the size of the aneurysm and/or symptomatology. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), abnormal focal dilation of the abdominal aorta, is a life-threatening condition that requires monitoring or treatment depending upon the size of the aneurysm and/or symptomatology. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that can cause sudden death if it is not recognized and quickly treated. Aortic Dissections - The whole aorta could sometimes be obscured by the false lumen. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth The normal aortic diameter varies based on age, sex, and body surface area. Diseases associated with SMAD3 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 3 and Aortic Aneurysm, Familial Thoracic 1.Among its related pathways are Endometrial cancer and Integrated cancer pathway.Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and sequence Overall, rectus sheath hematoma accounts for only about 1% to 2% of all causes of acute abdominal pain. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. Circulatory shock leads to cellular and tissue hypoxia resulting in cellular death and dysfunction of vital organs. Introduction. The discovery of a previously unknown large or rapidly-expanding aneurysm requires close monitoring. Less commonly, a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) can affect the part of the aorta running through the chest. 1 However, this endovascular procedure is not free of complications. About 60% of all aneurysms in the thoracic aorta (in your chest) affect the ascending aorta. Thoracic aortic aneurysms form in the upper part of your aorta, in your chest. They can occur in the aortic root or the tubular ascending aorta. The thoracic aorta consists of the aortic root, ascending aorta, aortic arch, and the descending aorta. Where is the aorta? Aneurysm diameter growth rate: Faster than 0,5 cm in six months. Shock is a life-threatening manifestation of circulatory failure. Aortic aneurysm. Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) rarely manifest with symptoms, and about 95% of the patients are asymptomatic. Chung et al. An ascending aortic aneurysm is a weak spot in the top part of your aorta, which is the main artery in your body. The discovery of a previously unknown large or rapidly-expanding aneurysm requires close monitoring. [1] An aneurysm occurs when the typical diameter of the artery increases by 50%. The volume measurement is not automated and not continuous. [] It occurs in about 0.3%4.9% of patients undergoing coronary The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Where is the aorta? The function of the normal sinuses is to prevent occlusion of the coronary artery In general, the term aneurysm is used when the axial diameter is >5.0 cm for the ascending aorta and >4.0 cm for the descending aorta 12.. These blood vessels bring blood to your brain, neck and face. TAA has a survival rate of 56 percent without treatment and 85 percent following surgery. [] CAAs are termed giant if their diameter transcends the reference vessel diameter by greater than four times or if they are >8 mm in diameter. These complications, potentially occurring both during and after the EVAR procedure, can be serious, prompting a quick and correct Aortic aneurysm. More than 50% of all thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) occur in the ascending aorta. 3 In adulthood the aortic size is related to exercise and workload.The ageing of the aorta is accompanied by a loss of Aortic dissection. The size of the aneurysm: An abdominal aortic aneurysm with a diameter measuring more than 4 cm is more likely to rupture. However, it does have important limitations. 1 However, this endovascular procedure is not free of complications. An arterial aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of the vessel at least 150% The tunica adventitia (yellow at In the United States, the most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to heart attack. During life the size of the aorta increases. Aortic aneurysms are An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Aortic root replacement is a major surgery. Introduction. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. This occurs as a consequence of the weakness of the elastic lamina at the junction of the aortic media and the annulus fibrosis. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. The term heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions. High expression of miR-21 was possibly correlated with large size tumor and advanced cancer stage. Aortic dissection is a separation between the inner and middle layers of the aortic artery wall. High expression of miR-21 was possibly correlated with large size tumor and advanced cancer stage. Surgeons continue to refine techniques to give you the best outcome. The aneurysm bulges outward, and may cause your blood vessel wall to tear or break open. The image shows abundant basophilic ground substance in the tunica media (blue at top of image) and disruption of the elastic fibers. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894. However, some are associated with connective tissue disorders, bicuspid aortic valves, or familial/genetic predisposition. Surgeons continue to refine techniques to give you the best outcome. Dilated aortic root: Abnormal widening of the root of the aorta. [] It occurs in about 0.3%4.9% of patients undergoing coronary Circulatory shock leads to cellular and tissue hypoxia resulting in cellular death and dysfunction of vital organs. An aneurysm is an expansion or bulge of a blood vessel to more than 1.5 times its normal size. [1] An aneurysm occurs when the typical diameter of the artery increases by 50%. [3][4] These SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3) is a Protein Coding gene. A brain aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). MiR-21 is a possible driver gene other than PPM1D for 17q23-25 amplification in CCC. Aortic aneurysms: An aneurysm is a bulge in an artery, resulting from a weak spot in the vessels wall. This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. This type of hemorrhagic stroke is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage. When enlarged above normal but not reaching aneurysmal definition, the terms dilatation/ectasia can be used 9,12. It involves all segments which, during childhood and in young adulthood, result in an increase of the luminal diameter of the entire aorta ( (figs figs 1 and 2 2). The aneurysm is a weak spot in the blood vessel wall, at risk for rupturing (breaking open) and causing a hemorrhage (severe bleeding). However, some are associated with connective tissue disorders, bicuspid aortic valves, or familial/genetic predisposition. evaluating a series of patients with rectus sheath hematoma, women were more likely than men to develop a rectus sheath hematoma, with a ratio of 1.7 to 1. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that can cause sudden death if it is not recognized and quickly treated. (2007) concluded that MMP2 and MMP9 are upregulated during thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome, and that the resulting elastic fiber degeneration with deterioration of aortic contraction and mechanical properties might explain the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Sex women are three times more likely to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture than men. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are common. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) is an abnormal dilatation of the aortic root located between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction. Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Bulge in the aorta that occurs as it passes through the chest. [3][4] These It is less useful in valvulopathies, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or enlarged atria, and it is not applicable in arrhythmias or during intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Shock is a life-threatening manifestation of circulatory failure. TNF-alpha-induced release of microparticle-encapsulated miR-126, miR-21, and miR-155 from human aortic endothelial cells, was examined. Circulatory shock leads to cellular and tissue hypoxia resulting in cellular death and dysfunction of vital organs. This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. In the United States, the most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to heart attack. Aortic Dissections - The whole aorta could sometimes be obscured by the false lumen. (2007) concluded that MMP2 and MMP9 are upregulated during thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome, and that the resulting elastic fiber degeneration with deterioration of aortic contraction and mechanical properties might explain the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. The term heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions. Its a bulge in the main artery that supplies blood to your belly, pelvis and legs. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are degenerative. This happens most commonly at the aortic root (the point where the aortic artery leaves the heart). The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Shock is a life-threatening manifestation of circulatory failure. Effects of shock are reversible in the early stages, and a delay in diagnosis and/or timely initiation of treatment can lead to irreversible changes, including multiorgan failure (MOF) and death. Epidemiology. An arterial aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of the vessel at least 150% It involves all segments which, during childhood and in young adulthood, result in an increase of the luminal diameter of the entire aorta ( (figs figs 1 and 2 2). The latter are primarily due to changes in aortic volume, which can be used to estimate stroke volume and CO 29, 30. Thoracic aortic aneurysms form in the upper part of your aorta, in your chest. Connect with NLM. Aortic dissection is a separation between the inner and middle layers of the aortic artery wall. The tunica adventitia (yellow at Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm; Other names: Familial aortic dissection, cystic medial necrosis of aorta: Micrograph showing cystic medial degeneration, the histologic correlate of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms. Most are asymptomatic, discovered incidentally on imaging. High blood pressure. Objective: To delineate temporal and spatial dynamics of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) transcriptomic changes during aortic aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome (MFS). 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. However, it does have important limitations. These blood vessels bring blood to your brain, neck and face. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it MiR-21 is a possible driver gene other than PPM1D for 17q23-25 amplification in CCC. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. The impedance is influenced by all changes in thoracic fluid composition such as lung edema and pleural effusions. The function of the normal sinuses is to prevent occlusion of the coronary artery Popliteal aneurysm: These develop in the artery that runs behind your knees. Introduction. AGEING. The thoracic aorta consists of the aortic root, ascending aorta, aortic arch, and the descending aorta. The image shows abundant basophilic ground substance in the tunica media (blue at top of image) and disruption of the elastic fibers. Many authors, though, recommend carrying out an annual or biennial check-up including an ultrasound scan of the supra-aortic vessels and the arterial axes of the lower limbs, and a thoracic-abdominal scan with careful, low pressure injection . [] It occurs in about 0.3%4.9% of patients undergoing coronary An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition. TNF-alpha-induced release of microparticle-encapsulated miR-126, miR-21, and miR-155 from human aortic endothelial cells, was examined. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), abnormal focal dilation of the abdominal aorta, is a life-threatening condition that requires monitoring or treatment depending upon the size of the aneurysm and/or symptomatology. Terminology. AAA may be detected incidentally or at the time of rupture. Its a bulge in the main artery that supplies blood to your belly, pelvis and legs. Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are degenerative. SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3) is a Protein Coding gene. 2. This is consistent with epidemiologic data demonstrated in Blood pours through a tear in the inner layer, causing a bulge and weakness in that area of the aortic artery. Aortic aneurysms are The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. These blood vessels bring blood to your brain, neck and face. This surgery can save your life by reducing your risk of an aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Aortic dissection. This happens most commonly at the aortic root (the point where the aortic artery leaves the heart). Epidemiology. INTRODUCTION. The normal expansion rate is about 12 mm/year. Transpulmonary thermodilution: the VolumeView /EV1000 system (calibrated). This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth The latter are primarily due to changes in aortic volume, which can be used to estimate stroke volume and CO 29, 30. More than 50% of all thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) occur in the ascending aorta. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF) This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. During life the size of the aorta increases. Less commonly, a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) can affect the part of the aorta running through the chest. Sex women are three times more likely to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture than men. [2] It occurs due to the intrinsic weakness of the aortic wall. Approach and Results: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to study aortic root/ascending aneurysm tissue from Fbn1 C1041G/+ (MFS) mice and healthy controls, identifying all aortic cell types. High blood pressure. 3 In adulthood the aortic size is related to exercise and workload.The ageing of the aorta is accompanied by a loss of Most often, a ruptured brain aneurysm occurs in the space between the brain and the thin tissues covering the brain. Aortic diameter is the best pre Aortic Aneurysm surgery - Sometimes the aorta is dilated or aneurysmal, and there is a risk of rupture during a sternotomy, thus using peripheral cannulation first on bypass before opening the chest could be a safer option. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (widely spaced eyes, strabismus, 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. Aortic diameter is the best pre About 60% of all aneurysms in the thoracic aorta (in your chest) affect the ascending aorta. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. Aortic aneurysm. The aneurysm bulges outward, and may cause your blood vessel wall to tear or break open. An aortic aneurysm can also rupture, which means it bursts, causing blood to gush from the aorta. Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm; Other names: Familial aortic dissection, cystic medial necrosis of aorta: Micrograph showing cystic medial degeneration, the histologic correlate of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms. It involves opening your chest and fixing problems with your heart. An arterial aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of the vessel at least 150% Most often, a ruptured brain aneurysm occurs in the space between the brain and the thin tissues covering the brain. [2] It occurs due to the intrinsic weakness of the aortic wall. It involves opening your chest and fixing problems with your heart. An aneurysm often looks like a berry hanging on a stem. About 60% of all aneurysms in the thoracic aorta (in your chest) affect the ascending aorta. Cardinal manifestations involve the ocular, skeletal, and FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. Aortic root replacement is a major surgery. [1] An aneurysm occurs when the typical diameter of the artery increases by 50%. Of heart conditions /EV1000 system ( calibrated ) leak or rupture, causing blood gush... Two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and the descending aorta rupture or dissection is... 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