The most important one in this list is the maxillary artery, the largest terminal branch of the external carotid supplying the deep structures of the face. Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. Dive into this study unit to learn all about the major arteries of the head. azygos fissure: most commonly seen accessory fissure; inferior accessory fissure Accessory fissures of the lung | Radiology Reference Article Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. subclavian artery From the medial cord, the ulnar nerve passes distally through the axilla, medial to the axillary artery.It descends on the medial aspect of the arm, medial to the brachial artery and the biceps brachii muscle.In the mid-portion of the arm, the nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment. Acromioclavicular joint They are usually asymptomatic. Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. These are essentially the same, apart from the terminal letter which represents the External or Lateral epicondyle. Ulnar nerve Horizontal fissure The pericardial recesses are small spaces in the pericardial cavity formed by reflections of the pericardium.. The elbow includes prominent landmarks such as the olecranon, the cubital fossa (also called the chelidon, or the elbow pit), and the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus.The elbow joint is a hinge joint between the arm and the forearm; more specifically between the humerus acromioclavicular joint configuration; os acromiale; Related pathology. 80% posterior to the esophagus Some of the more common accessory fissure include 1:. The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.. The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4).. From the medial cord, the ulnar nerve passes distally through the axilla, medial to the axillary artery.It descends on the medial aspect of the arm, medial to the brachial artery and the biceps brachii muscle.In the mid-portion of the arm, the nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment. Elbow The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery. Course. The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2.They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.. Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA).The remaining 15-20% of hearts are roughly equally divided Acromioclavicular joint axillary pouch: laxity between anterior and posterior bands; most important of the three GHLs as it prevents dislocation at the extreme range of motion and is the main stabilizer of the abducted shoulder 1,4; Spiral glenohumeral ligament. Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub They are usually asymptomatic. The scalp receives a rich arterial supply via the external carotid artery and the ophthalmic artery (a branch of the internal carotid). The elbow includes prominent landmarks such as the olecranon, the cubital fossa (also called the chelidon, or the elbow pit), and the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus.The elbow joint is a hinge joint between the arm and the forearm; more specifically between the humerus artery The mediastinum is a space in the thorax that contains a group of organs, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissue. Elbow The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.. axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves 2,6; Variant anatomy. By way of its branches, the thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia to supply regions of the upper limb and trunk for which they are named.. ; The anterior interosseus nerve,which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus.. Appearance Order. axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves 2,6; Variant anatomy. There are five axillary lymph node groups, namely the lateral (humeral), anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), The superior thyroid artery has several branches which include The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.. Upper limb: Arteries, veins and nerves | Kenhub variance lymph node This branch runs on the interosseous membrane with the anterior Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. Bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy There are three branches of the external carotid artery involved: Superficial temporal supplies the frontal and temporal regions Posterior auricular supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle. Pericardial fluid can pool in these recesses and can be categorized by whether they arise from the transverse sinus, the oblique sinus, or the pericardial cavity proper 3:. Accessory fissures of the lung usually occur at the borders of bronchopulmonary segments.They are common normal variants but are less commonly seen on imaging. Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA).The remaining 15-20% of hearts are roughly equally divided The Brachial Plexus The posterior intercostal artery gives off two main branches along its course; the dorsal (posterior) and the collateral branch. ; The anterior interosseus nerve,which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus.. Gross anatomy. In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. acromioclavicular joint configuration; os acromiale; Related pathology. The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.. This classification was initially proposed by Bigliani et al. It descends from the anterior surface of the external carotid artery along the lateral border of the thyrohyoid muscle towards the apex of the thyroid gland.. left (4L) and right (4R) are divided along the left lateral border of the trachea, not the midline; 4R: Os acromiale Arterial Supply. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right Pericardial Epidemiology. acromioclavicular joint erosion; acromioclavicular joint injury. The scalp receives a rich arterial supply via the external carotid artery and the ophthalmic artery (a branch of the internal carotid). acromioclavicular joint erosion; acromioclavicular joint injury. dominance Elbow Elbow Ulnar nerve Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA).The remaining 15-20% of hearts are roughly equally divided dominance Here, the nerve runs anterior to the 3A: prevascular - anterior to the great vessels (superior vena cava on the right, left common carotid artery on the left), posterior to the sternum; 3P: retrotracheal - posterior to the trachea; Station 4 (left/right): lower paratracheal nodes. Epidemiology. Median nerve The Brachial Plexus variance also referred to as fasciculus obliquus 5 Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.. A related variant, also known as truncus bicaroticus, is the origin subclavian artery It lies in the midline of the chest between the pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column.. acromioclavicular joint erosion; acromioclavicular joint injury. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment Median nerve There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.. Head anatomy Upper limb: Arteries, veins and nerves | Kenhub The horizontal fissure arises from the right oblique fissure and follows the 4 th intercostal space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses right 5 th rib 1.. left (4L) and right (4R) are divided along the left lateral border of the trachea, not the midline; 4R: The plexus gives off numerous branches including the anterior, posterior branches and one terminal branch). Gross anatomy. Bovine This branch runs on the interosseous membrane with the anterior Classification. acromioclavicular joint configuration; os acromiale; Related pathology. Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.. Negative ulnar variance Elbow Median nerve The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.. Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub Upper limb: Arteries, veins and nerves | Kenhub The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. Axillary The Brachial Plexus This classification was initially proposed by Bigliani et al. Sacral plexus A related variant, also known as truncus bicaroticus, is the origin The muscular branches to pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis; these branches innervate the corresponding muscles. Axillary The order of appearances of the elbow ossification centers is highly reliable and in most individuals, is An equally important artery is the facial artery, which supplies the muscles of facial expression. The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. Glenohumeral Arm and shoulder anatomy The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival.They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). Gross anatomy. azygos fissure: most commonly seen accessory fissure; inferior accessory fissure Rockwood classification; Allman and Tossy classification The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. Radiopaedia.org They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla, and runs through the entire upper extremity. Mnemonic One smart and fun way to remember the correct order and names of the most important branches of the subclavian artery is to learn the mnemonic 'VIT C and D'. Some of the more common accessory fissure include 1:. Key facts about the neurovasculature of the upper limb; Arteries: Shoulder: axillary artery and six branches (Superior thoracic, Thoracoacromial, Lateral thoracic, Anterior circumflex humeral, Posterior circumflex humeral, Subscapular arteries) Mnemonic: 'Save The Lions And Protect Species' Arm: brachial artery and four branches (profunda brachii artery, nutrient artery There are three branches of the external carotid artery involved: Superficial temporal supplies the frontal and temporal regions Posterior auricular supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle. ossification Innervation. Rockwood classification; Allman and Tossy classification The posterior intercostal artery gives off two main branches along its course; the dorsal (posterior) and the collateral branch. The mediastinum is a space in the thorax that contains a group of organs, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissue. Innervation. Bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy Acromioclavicular joint Radiopaedia.org Axillary artery Accessory fissures of the lung | Radiology Reference Article Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.. A bovine arch is apparent in ~15% (range 8-25%) of the population and is more common in individuals of African descent. The muscular branches to pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis; these branches innervate the corresponding muscles. The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. aortic recesses: arise from the transverse sinus Radiopaedia Rockwood classification; Allman and Tossy classification Bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy Course. The horizontal fissure arises from the right oblique fissure and follows the 4 th intercostal space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses right 5 th rib 1.. The elbow is the region between the arm and the forearm that surrounds the elbow joint. Negative ulnar variance describes a state where the ulna is abnormally shortened (by more than 2.5 mm) compared to the radius and plays an important role in wrist pathology.. Pericardial Pericardial Horizontal fissure Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. The clavicular branch courses superomedially Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. Pathology Course. 80% posterior to the esophagus lymph node Epidemiology. Axillary artery It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla, and runs through the entire upper extremity. This classification was initially proposed by Bigliani et al. Elbow Gross anatomy. artery acromioclavicular joint erosion; acromioclavicular joint injury. Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.. Ulnar variance may be: neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level) positive (ulna projects more distally); negative (ulna projects more proximally) This artery provides arterial supply for muscles of the upper back and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles. The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, C7 and C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. The Scalp Arterial Supply. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.. A bovine arch is apparent in ~15% (range 8-25%) of the population and is more common in individuals of African descent. This branch runs on the interosseous membrane with the anterior The posterior intercostal artery gives off two main branches along its course; the dorsal (posterior) and the collateral branch. The first is the dorsal (posterior) branch which emerges close to the origin of the parent artery. ; The anterior interosseus nerve,which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus.. Gross anatomy. Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. The order of appearances of the elbow ossification centers is highly reliable and in most individuals, is Subclavian artery The clavicular branch courses superomedially Os acromiale Glenohumeral Axillary artery The most important one in this list is the maxillary artery, the largest terminal branch of the external carotid supplying the deep structures of the face. Classification. Gross anatomy. The muscular branches to pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis; these branches innervate the corresponding muscles. The trachea divides at the carina forming the left and right main stem bronchi which enter the lung substance to divide further. The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.. Horizontal fissure The first is the dorsal (posterior) branch which emerges close to the origin of the parent artery. Key facts about the neurovasculature of the upper limb; Arteries: Shoulder: axillary artery and six branches (Superior thoracic, Thoracoacromial, Lateral thoracic, Anterior circumflex humeral, Posterior circumflex humeral, Subscapular arteries) Mnemonic: 'Save The Lions And Protect Species' Arm: brachial artery and four branches (profunda brachii artery, nutrient artery A useful mnemonic to remember the order of development is CRITOL or CRITOE (see video The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4).. It arises from the external carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone. The pericardial recesses are small spaces in the pericardial cavity formed by reflections of the pericardium.. The thoracoacromial (acromiothoracic) artery is a primary trunk that gives rise to four other arteries. 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