These are as follows: Cervical region: vertebral, deep cervical and occipital arteries ; Thoracic region: dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries; Lumbar region: lumbar and lateral sacral arteries ; Except for the occipital artery, which is a Longus colli muscle Cervical Anatomy The eyes are responsible for detecting light that enters the eyes. ; The middle trunk is formed from the root of C7 only. First rib. Pectoralis major First rib. Here it forms the basilar artery. The vertebrobasilar system arises from the first part of the subclavian arteries and travels cranially through the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery usually enters the transverse foramen at C6. Then, the light gets converted into an image in the brain. Because the third part of the subclavian artery is located in this region, the omoclavicular triangle is often called the subclavian triangle. Because the third part of the subclavian artery is located in this region, the omoclavicular triangle is often called the subclavian triangle. Pectoralis major muscle (Musculus pectoralis major) The pectoralis major is a paired, superficial muscle located on the anterior surface of the thoracic cage.If youre a gym lover, youll hear these muscles also being referred to as the pecs muscles.The pectoralis major has a broad origin, based on which it is divided into three parts: clavicular part, sternocostal Vertebral arteries The vertebral arteries stem from the subclavian arteries; two major arteries of the thorax that lie beneath the clavicles.The vertebral arteries ascend through the neck inside the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae, all the way to the brain.Through their course, they give off several meningeal, muscular and spinal branches for the nearby Internal thoracic artery On the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus, profunda brachii branches into a middle and a radial collateral artery.The brachial artery gives off a superior ulnar collateral artery (about 1-2 cm below profunda brachii) and an inferior ulnar collateral artery Function Kenhub Arm and shoulder anatomy The common carotid artery is a large elastic artery, which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck region.There is one common carotid artery on either side of the body and these arteries differ in their origin. Neck spaces. The left counterparts to these Internal thoracic artery (Arteria thoracica interna) The internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) is a long, paired vessel that originates from the proximal part of the subclavian artery.It runs inferomedially and enters the thoracic cage deep to the clavicle and the first rib.Terminating at the level of the sixth rib, it divides into two terminal branches: superior Then, the light gets converted into an image in the brain. Ribs Axillary artery The pectoralis major muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that consists of three parts that originate from three different sites: The clavicular part originates from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. ; The whole anterior aspect of the vein, except for a short superior portion, lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Below the sternocleidomastoid, the The thoracic cage takes the form of a domed bird cage with the horizontal bars formed by ribs and costal cartilages. Arterial anastomoses of the upper extremity Vagus nerve Sometimes a fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus is present behind the lower portion of the scalenus anterior. pelvic lymph nodes and vessels The thoracic cage takes the form of a domed bird cage with the horizontal bars formed by ribs and costal cartilages. Vertebral artery Sometimes a fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus is present behind the lower portion of the scalenus anterior. Cross sectional anatomy The common carotid artery is a large elastic artery, which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck region.There is one common carotid artery on either side of the body and these arteries differ in their origin. Internal thoracic artery Brachial plexus The left and right vertebral arteries unite after they enter the cranial vault through the foramen magnum at the pontomedullary junction. Heart In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. ; Visceral compartment: contains glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx and trachea. The head only articulates with the body of the T1 vertebra and therefore only one articulatory surface is present. The left common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch within the superior mediastinum, whilst the right common carotid artery arises Pectoralis major muscle (Musculus pectoralis major) The pectoralis major is a paired, superficial muscle located on the anterior surface of the thoracic cage.If youre a gym lover, youll hear these muscles also being referred to as the pecs muscles.The pectoralis major has a broad origin, based on which it is divided into three parts: clavicular part, sternocostal Multifidus receives arterial blood supply from a number of arteries along the length of the vertebral column. Trapezius muscle The content of the neck is grouped into 4 neck spaces, called the compartments.. Vertebral compartment: contains cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. Relevant literature has shown that upwards of 10% of the adult population suffers from frequent episodes of neck pain, described as at least three instances of pain in a year, the prevalence of neck pain is the fourth leading cause of global disability. Cephalic vein The descending (upper) part of the muscle is supplied by transverse muscular branches arising from the occipital artery (branch of the external carotid), which passes along the deep surface of the muscle. Both profunda brachii and the brachial artery give important branches that form the elbow anastomoses. Here, a pyramidal space is formed, with the first section of the subclavian artery forming its base. Subscapularis is a strong triangular muscle that fills the subscapular fossa of scapula.Lying posterolateral to the thoracic cage, it starts as a wide muscle whose medial two-thirds originate from the subscapular fossa of scapula and from several tendinous intramuscular septa at the ridges of the fossa.The remaining fibers arise from an aponeurosis that covers the On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. Surrounding the trachea there are three arterial lumens representing the left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Subscapularis is a strong triangular muscle that fills the subscapular fossa of scapula.Lying posterolateral to the thoracic cage, it starts as a wide muscle whose medial two-thirds originate from the subscapular fossa of scapula and from several tendinous intramuscular septa at the ridges of the fossa.The remaining fibers arise from an aponeurosis that covers the The head only articulates with the body of the T1 vertebra and therefore only one articulatory surface is present. Trapezius muscle The shoulder girdle, also called the pectoral girdle, is an incomplete bony ring formed by the clavicle and scapula on each side of the body, joined anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum.The bones of the shoulder girdle articulate with each other and partake in the formation of 4 joints that include: The sternoclavicular joint - formed between the sternum and Ribs Kenhub Neck Anatomy Neck spaces. Then, the light gets converted into an image in the brain. On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. Anterior and right lateral to the brachiocephalic trunk are Do you know why Kenhub's anatomy quiz questions are your secret to success when learning cross sections? The vertebrobasilar system arises from the first part of the subclavian arteries and travels cranially through the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae. Multifidus receives arterial blood supply from a number of arteries along the length of the vertebral column. The suprascapular artery passes through the suprascapular notch, along with the suprascapular nerve to supply supraspinatus. Here the artery is also referred to as the cavernous part. The subclavian artery is a paired arterial vessel of the thorax.The right and left arteries have different origins; the left subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch, while the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk.. The brachial plexus, suprascapular artery, subclavian artery and subclavian vein pass deep to the subclavius muscle. ; Two vascular compartments: contain the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein The suprascapular artery passes through the suprascapular notch, along with the suprascapular nerve to supply supraspinatus. Paired vertebral arteries provide blood supply for the upper part of the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of the brain.Each artery originates from the first part of the subclavian artery, it then courses superiorly along the sides of the neck, merging with its companion at the pons level to form the single, midline basilar artery. Vertebral artery Axillary artery (Arteria axillaris) The axillary artery is a large muscular vessel that travels through the axilla.It is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb, as well as to parts of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax.. The main trunk of the nerve is bound medially by the trachea and esophagus and laterally by the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve. These nerves work in sync to manifest movements, reflexes, and vision. The thoracic cage takes the form of a domed bird cage with the horizontal bars formed by ribs and costal cartilages. Anterior cervical region. Supraspinatus sometimes receives a collateral blood supply via the dorsal scapular artery. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Lactiferous ducts: these secretory ducts of the lobes are formed by converging lobules and intralobular ducts. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes, while the subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as the muscle crosses over the first rib. Cavernous sinus Venous drainage is conveyed by the same-named veins which accompany the arteries and drain into the subclavian vein. The main artery in the shoulder is the axillary artery.This artery begins at the lateral border of the 1st Subscapularis is a strong triangular muscle that fills the subscapular fossa of scapula.Lying posterolateral to the thoracic cage, it starts as a wide muscle whose medial two-thirds originate from the subscapular fossa of scapula and from several tendinous intramuscular septa at the ridges of the fossa.The remaining fibers arise from an aponeurosis that covers the Together with other muscles of the region it produces Kenhub Generally speaking, lymphatic drainage of the pelvis mirrors the pathway of venous drainage, with the exception of the external iliac lymph nodes. As in the typical ribs, the tubercle has a facet for articulation with the transverse process of vertebrae. Cross sectional anatomy ; How to easily remember this: imagine that your fingers are the five anterior branches (C5-T1), where C5 is Here it curves vertically and superiorly to exit the sinus through its roof and become the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery. Pectoralis major The neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and the cords of the brachial plexus are enveloped Generally speaking, lymphatic drainage of the pelvis mirrors the pathway of venous drainage, with the exception of the external iliac lymph nodes. ; The whole anterior aspect of the vein, except for a short superior portion, lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Below the sternocleidomastoid, the Cerebellum: Gross anatomy Surrounding the trachea there are three arterial lumens representing the left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk. Cavernous sinus The shoulder girdle, also called the pectoral girdle, is an incomplete bony ring formed by the clavicle and scapula on each side of the body, joined anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum.The bones of the shoulder girdle articulate with each other and partake in the formation of 4 joints that include: The sternoclavicular joint - formed between the sternum and Internal jugular vein The vertebrobasilar system arises from the first part of the subclavian arteries and travels cranially through the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae. In relation to the anterior scalene muscles, the subclavian artery can be divided into three segments that Kenhub does not provide medical advice. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Arterial anastomoses of the upper extremity The vertebral artery usually enters the transverse foramen at C6. Paired vertebral arteries provide blood supply for the upper part of the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of the brain.Each artery originates from the first part of the subclavian artery, it then courses superiorly along the sides of the neck, merging with its companion at the pons level to form the single, midline basilar artery. Pectoralis major The eyes are a set of sensory organs that play a crucial role in the visual system. Scalene - Physiopedia The eyes are responsible for detecting light that enters the eyes. Anterior and right lateral to the brachiocephalic trunk are Do you know why Kenhub's anatomy quiz questions are your secret to success when learning cross sections? Pectoralis minor muscle The main anterior relation is the pectoralis major muscle, found superficial to the pectoralis minor and almost completely covering it. Vagus nerve Kenhub does not provide medical advice. The sensory and motor innervation of the eyes originate from six paired cranial nerves. Within the sinus, the internal carotid artery travels anteriorly, in a horizontal manner until it reaches the anterior limit of the sinus. The subclavian artery is a paired arterial vessel of the thorax.The right and left arteries have different origins; the left subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch, while the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk.. Sternocostal joints ; The inferior trunk is formed by the roots of C8 and T1. In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. Lymph nodes of the head, neck Generally speaking, lymphatic drainage of the pelvis mirrors the pathway of venous drainage, with the exception of the external iliac lymph nodes. Sternocostal joints Cerebellum: Gross anatomy Innervation The subclavius is innervated by the subclavian nerve (C5-6), a small branch that arises from the superior trunk of brachial plexus. Kenhub Here, a pyramidal space is formed, with the first section of the subclavian artery forming its base. Lymph nodes of the head, neck The brachial plexus, suprascapular artery, subclavian artery and subclavian vein pass deep to the subclavius muscle. ; Visceral compartment: contains glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx and trachea. Here it forms the basilar artery. Heart Lymph nodes of the head, neck Neck spaces. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. 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